{"id":80,"date":"2011-09-12T21:44:15","date_gmt":"2011-09-12T21:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/?p=80"},"modified":"2011-09-12T21:44:15","modified_gmt":"2011-09-12T21:44:15","slug":"temel-linux-komutlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/?p=80","title":{"rendered":"Temel Linux Komutlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yard\u0131m Alma<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu komut yan\u0131na -h veya \u2013help yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bilgi verir. Buna ek olarak linux\u2019ta binlerce dok\u00fcman\u0131n bulundu\u011fu manual sayfalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yapman\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey man komutundan sonra bilgi almak istedi\u011finiz komutun ad\u0131n\u0131 yazmak.<\/p>\n

komut -h: Komut hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bilgi
\nkomut \u2013help: \u00dcstekinin ayn\u0131s\u0131
\nman komut: Komut hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 dok\u00fcman
\nDosyalar\u0131 Listeleme<\/strong><\/p>\n

 
\n
\nLinux\u2019ta bir dizindeki dosyalar\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan komut lsdir. Ekrana s\u0131\u011fmayan uzun listeleri g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in ise bu komut less ile beraber kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

ls: Bulundu\u011fun dizinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini g\u00f6ster
\nls -a: Gizli dosyalar\u0131 da g\u00f6ster
\nls -l: Uzun listele (sahip, izinler, boyut ve tarih dahil)
\nls | less: Uzun listeleri k\u0131saltmak i\u00e7in
\nDizin de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka bir dizine ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in cd komutu kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

cd yol yol dizinine ge\u00e7er
\ncd ~ Sizin home dizininize ge\u00e7er
\ncd \u2013 Bir \u00f6nceki dizine d\u00f6ner
\ncd .. Bir \u00fcst dizine ge\u00e7er
\nDosya ve dizin y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir dizini veya dosyay\u0131 kopyalamak i\u00e7in cp, ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in mv, yeni klas\u00f6r olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in mkdir, dosyay\u0131 silmek i\u00e7in rm, dizini ve i\u00e7indeki dosyalar\u0131 silmek i\u00e7in rm -R, bo\u015f bir dizini silmek i\u00e7in ise rmdir kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

cp kaynak hedef: Kaynaktan hedefe kopyalar
\ncp -R kaynak hedef: \u00d6nyineli(recursive) kopyalar
\nmkdir dizin: Yeni dizin yarat\u0131r
\nmv kaynak hedef: Dosyalar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mak veya adlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in
\nrm dosya: Dosyay\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131r
\nrm -R dizin: \u00d6nyineli kald\u0131r\u0131r
\nrmdir dizin: Bo\u015f dizini kald\u0131r\u0131r
\ntouch dosya: Dosya varsa tarihini de\u011fi\u015ftirir, yoksa yarat\u0131r
\npwd: \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dizinin ismini verir
\nDosya arama<\/strong><\/p>\n

Herhangi bir dosyay\u0131 sistemde aramak i\u00e7in find ve locate komutlar\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. find bulundu\u011funuz dizinden ba\u015flayarak t\u00fcm alt-dizinleri arar. locate ise t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131nda tutar, bunun i\u00e7in hayli h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu veritaban\u0131 g\u00fcnde bir yenilendi\u011finden son kaydetti\u011finiz dosyalar\u0131 bulamayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

find yol -name dosyaad\u0131: Belirtti\u011finiz dizinden ba\u015flayarak dosyay\u0131 arar
\nlocate dosyaad\u0131: Dosyay\u0131 arar
\nMetin dosyalar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131sa bir metin dosyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in cat, metin dosyas\u0131nda y\u00f6n tu\u015flar\u0131-Page Up\/Down ile ilerlemek i\u00e7in less, dosyada bir yaz\u0131y\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in grep, sat\u0131rlar\u0131 s\u0131ralamak i\u00e7in sort, ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir edit\u00f6r ile a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in ise pico kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

cat dosyaad\u0131: Dosyay\u0131 ekranda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler
\ngrep yaz\u0131 dosyaad\u0131: Yaz\u0131y\u0131 dosyada arar, bulundu\u011fu sat\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler
\nless dosyaad\u0131: Dosyada ilerlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f q ile)
\npico dosyaad\u0131: Dosyay\u0131 basit bir metin edit\u00f6r\u00fcyle a\u00e7ar
\nsort dosyaad\u0131: Dosyadaki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 alfabetik s\u0131raya g\u00f6re dizip g\u00f6sterir
\nS\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyalar\u0131 a\u00e7ma<\/p>\n

\u0130nternetten indirdi\u011finiz dosyalar genelde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in dosya tipine g\u00f6re ara\u00e7 kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

bunzip2 dosyaad\u0131.bz2: bzip2 dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (.bz2) a\u00e7ar
\ngunzip dosyaad\u0131.gz: gzipped (.gz) ar\u015fivini a\u00e7ar
\nunzip dosyaad\u0131.zip: PkZip veya WinZip dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (.zip) a\u00e7ar
\ntar -xvf dosyaad\u0131.tar: tar (.tar) ar\u015fivini (tarball) a\u00e7ar
\ntar -xvzf dosyaad\u0131.tar.gz: tar ar\u015fivini (.tar.gz or .tgz) a\u00e7ar
\nA\u011f servislerini kullanma<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dosya transferi yapmak i\u00e7in ftp, a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in ping, secure shell protokol\u00fcne ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in ssh, telnet protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in ise telnet kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ftp sunucu: FTP sunucusuna ba\u011flan\u0131r
\nping sunucu: Sunucuya ping iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderir
\nssh -l kullan\u0131c\u0131ad\u0131 sunucu: Uzaktaki makinaya Secure Shell protokol\u00fc ile ba\u011flan\u0131r
\ntelnet sunucu: Uzaktaki makinaya TELNET protokol\u00fc ile ba\u011flan\u0131r
\nSistem bilgisi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme<\/strong><\/p>\n

date: \u0130\u015fletim sisteminin saat ve tarihini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler
\ndf -h: Disk kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler
\nfree: Bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler
\nhistory: Kullan\u0131lan hesap i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan komutlar\u0131 listeler
\nhostname: Yerel sunucu ad\u0131n\u0131 verir
\nrwho -a: A\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listeler
\nuptime: Bilgisayar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri ge\u00e7en s\u00fcreyi verir
\nwho: Makineye ba\u011fl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 listeler
\nwhoami: Giri\u015f isminizi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler
\nDosya izinlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/strong><\/p>\n

chown kullan\u0131c\u0131.grup dosyaad\u0131: Dosyaya sahip olan grubu ve kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Tabii ki bu komutu sadece o dosyan\u0131n sahibi kullanabilir
\nchmod (augo)(+-)(rwx) dosyaad\u0131: Dosya \u00fczerindeki okuma-yazma-\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma (read-write-execute) izinlerini (rwx) farkl\u0131 seviyedeki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in (all-owner-group-other) art\u0131r\u0131p azalmay\u0131 (+\/-) sa\u011flar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yard\u0131m Alma \u00c7o\u011fu komut yan\u0131na -h veya \u2013help yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bilgi verir. Buna ek olarak linux\u2019ta binlerce dok\u00fcman\u0131n bulundu\u011fu manual sayfalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yapman\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey man komutundan sonra bilgi almak istedi\u011finiz komutun ad\u0131n\u0131 yazmak. komut -h: Komut hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bilgi komut \u2013help: \u00dcstekinin ayn\u0131s\u0131 man komut: Komut hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 dok\u00fcman Dosyalar\u0131 Listeleme  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[90,135,226,250,426,443],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-code","tag-fedora-komutlari","tag-kodcafe","tag-linux-2","tag-temel-linux-komutlari","tag-ubuntu-komutlari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kodcafe.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}